hepatoАнналы хирургической гепатологииAnnaly khirurgicheskoy gepatologii = Annals of HPB Surgery1995-54642408-9524НЭИКОН ИСП10.16931/1995-5464.2018211-25hepato-324Research ArticleМЕТОДЫ ЛОКАЛЬНОЙ ДЕСТРУКЦИИ НОВООБРАЗОВАНИЙ В ГЕПАТОПАНКРЕАТОБИЛИАРНОЙ ХИРУРГИИLOCAL DESTRUCTION OF NEOPLASMS IN HEPATOPANCREATOBILIARY SURGERYРоль радиочастотной термодеструкции в современной стратегии лечения больных злокачественными опухолями печени. Обзор литературыRadiofrequency thermal destruction in current treatment of liver malignancies. Literature reviewДолгушинБ. И.DolgushinB. I.

доктор мед. наук, академик РАН, профессор, директор НИИ КиЭР ФГБУ “НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина” Минздрава России

Doct. of Med. Sci., Professor, Academician of RAS, Director of the Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Radiology of Blokhin National Medical Cancer Research Center of Healthcare Ministry of the Russian Federation

КосыревВ. Ю.KosyrevV. Yu.

доктор мед. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории интервенционной радиологии НИИ КиЭР ФГБУ “НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина” Минздрава России

Doct. of Med. Sci., Leading Researcher of the Laboratory of Interventional Radiology, Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Radiology of Blokhin National Medical Cancer Research Center of Healthcare Ministry of the Russian Federation

vkosirev@mail.ruВиршкеЭ. Р.VirshkeE. R.

доктор мед. наук, заведующий лабораторией интервенционной радиологии НИИ КиЭР ФГБУ “НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина” Минздрава России

Doct. of Med. Sci., Chief of the Laboratory of Interventional Radiology, Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Radiology of Blokhin National Medical Cancer Research Center of Healthcare Ministry of the Russian Federation.

ШолоховВ. Н.SholokhovV. N.

доктор мед. наук, профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник отделения ультразвуковой диагностики НИИ КиЭР ФГБУ “НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина” Минздрава России

Doct. of Med. Sci., Leading Researcher of the Ultrasonic Diagnosis Department, Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Radiology of Blokhin National Medical Cancer Research Center of Healthcare Ministry of the Russian Federation

МартынковД. В.MartynkovD. V.

научный сотрудник лаборатории интервенционной радиологии НИИ КиЭР ФГБУ “НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина” Минздрава России

Researcher of the Laboratory of Interventional Radiology, Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Radiology of Blokhin National Medical Cancer Research Center of Healthcare Ministry of the Russian Federation

ФГБУ “НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина” Минздрава РоссииРоссияBlokhin National Medical Cancer Research Center of Healthcare Ministry of the Russian FederationRussian FederationФГБУ “НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина” Минздрава России; ФГАОУ ВО Первый МГМУ имени И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)РоссияBlokhin National Medical Cancer Research Center of Healthcare Ministry of the Russian Federation; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of Healthcare Ministry of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)Russian Federation2018060820182321125Copyright © Долгушин Б.И., Косырев В.Ю., Виршке Э.Р., Шолохов В.Н., Мартынков Д.В., 20182018Долгушин Б.И., Косырев В.Ю., Виршке Э.Р., Шолохов В.Н., Мартынков Д.В.Dolgushin B.I., Kosyrev V.Y., Virshke E.R., Sholokhov V.N., Martynkov D.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://hepato.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/324

Радиочастотная термодеструкция (термоабляция) остается одним из наиболее востребованных методов локального разрушения опухолей печени. Накоплен многолетний мировой опыт применения в онкологии, опубликовано множество исследований, и практические вопросы редко становятся предметом дискуссий. Вместе с тем все еще остаются стратегические вопросы: когда, кому, в каких ситуациях? По сути, признавая эффективность воздействия, специалисты не всегда уверены, при каких обстоятельствах потенциал радиочастотной термодеструкции будет реализован максимально. В обзоре литературы обобщен мировой опыт применения термоабляции при злокачественных опухолях печени. Сделана попытка выделить ключевые позиции при определении стратегии лечения с применением технологии. Безусловный приоритет в выработке оптимального лечения больных злокачественными опухолями печени имеет междисциплинарная кооперация.

Radiofrequency thermal destruction (thermoablation) remains one of the most popular methods of local destruction of liver tumors. There are perennial international experience in oncology, numerous trials and practical issues are rarely discussed. However, there are still strategic questions: when, to whom, in what cases. In fact, specialists recognizing effective impact do not always sure when thermoablation potential will be realized as much as possible. In this review the authors summarized world experience of liver malignancies thermoablation and tried to identify key positions in determining treatment strategy using this approach. Interdisciplinary approach is an absolute priority in optimal treatment of these patients.

печеньзлокачественное новообразованиеметастазырадиочастотная термодеструкцияабляцияlivermalignancymetastasesradiofrequency thermodestructionablationReferencesLahat E., Eshkenazy R., Zendel A., Zakai B.B., Maor M., Dreznik Y., Ariche A. Complications after percutaneous ablation of liver tumors: asystematic review. Hepatobiliary Surg. Nutr. 2014; 3 (5): 317–323. DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2304-3881.2014.09.07.Lahat E., Eshkenazy R., Zendel A., Zakai B.B., Maor M., Dreznik Y., Ariche A. Complications after percutaneous ablation of liver tumors: asystematic review. Hepatobiliary Surg. Nutr. 2014; 3 (5): 317–323. DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2304-3881.2014.09.07.Hinshaw J.L., Lubner M.G., Ziemlewicz T.J., Lee F.T. Jr., Brace C.L. Percutaneous tumor ablation tools: microwave, radiofrequency, or cryoablation – what should you use and why? Radiographics. 2014; 34 (5): 1344–1362. DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2015.05.012.Hinshaw J.L., Lubner M.G., Ziemlewicz T.J., Lee F.T. Jr., Brace C.L. Percutaneous tumor ablation tools: microwave, radiofrequency, or cryoablation – what should you use and why? Radiographics. 2014; 34 (5): 1344–1362. DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2015.05.012.Ryan M.J., Willatt J., Majdalany B.S. Ablation techniques for primary and metastatic liver tumors. World J. Hepatol. 2016; 8 (3): 191–199. DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v8.i3.191.Ryan M.J., Willatt J., Majdalany B.S. Ablation techniques for primary and metastatic liver tumors. World J. Hepatol. 2016; 8 (3): 191–199. DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v8.i3.191.Salati U., Barry A., Chou F.Y., Ma R., Liu D.M. State of the ablation nation: a review of ablative therapies for cure in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Future Oncol. 2017; 13 (16): 1437–1448. DOI: 10.2217/fon-2017-0061.Salati U., Barry A., Chou F.Y., Ma R., Liu D.M. State of the ablation nation: a review of ablative therapies for cure in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Future Oncol. 2017; 13 (16): 1437–1448. DOI: 10.2217/fon-2017-0061.Van der Sluis F.J-F., Bosch J.L., Terkivatan T., de Man R.A., Ijzermans J.N., Hunink M.G. Hepatocellular adenoma: Cost effectiveness of different treatment strategies. Radiology. 2009; 252 (3): 737–746. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2523082219.Van der Sluis F.J-F., Bosch J.L., Terkivatan T., de Man R.A., Ijzermans J.N., Hunink M.G. Hepatocellular adenoma: Cost effectiveness of different treatment strategies. Radiology. 2009; 252 (3): 737–746. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2523082219.Beer E., Kelly H.A., Ward G.E. Discussion of advances in surgery. Arch. Phys. Ther. X-Ray. Radium. 1931; 12: 471–472.Beer E., Kelly H.A., Ward G.E. Discussion of advances in surgery. Arch. Phys. Ther. X-Ray. Radium. 1931; 12: 471–472.Beer E. Removal of neoplasms of the urinary bladder: a new method employing high frequency (Oudin) currents through a cauterizing cystoscope. JAMA. 1910; 54: 1768–1769.Beer E. Removal of neoplasms of the urinary bladder: a new method employing high frequency (Oudin) currents through a cauterizing cystoscope. JAMA. 1910; 54: 1768–1769.Косырев В.Ю. Радиочастотная термоаблация в комбинированном лечении злокачественных опухолей печени (показания, методология, результаты лечения): дисс. ... д-ра мед. наук. М., 2011. 184 с.Kosyrev V.Yu. Radiochastotnaya termoablaciya v kombinirovannom lechenii zlokachestvennyh opuholej pecheni (pokazaniya, metodologiya, rezul'taty lecheniya): dissertaciya d-ra med. nauk [Radiofrequency thermoablation in combined treatment of liver malignancies (indications, methodology, outcomes)]. Moscow, 2011. 184 р. (In Russian)Poon R.T., Ng K.K., Lam C.M., Ai V., Yuen J., Fan S.T. Radiofrequency ablation for subcapsular hepatocellularcarcinoma. Ann. Surg. Oncol. 2004; 11 (3): 281–289.Poon R.T., Ng K.K., Lam C.M., Ai V., Yuen J., Fan S.T. Radiofrequency ablation for subcapsular hepatocellularcarcinoma. Ann. Surg. Oncol. 2004; 11 (3): 281–289.Wissniowski T.T., Hänsler J., Neureiter D., Frieser M., Schaber S., Esslinger B., Voll R., Strobel D., Hahn E.G., Schuppan D. Activation of tumor-specific T-lymphocytes by radiofrequency ablation of the VX2 hepatoma in rabbits. Cancer Res. 2003; 63 (19): 6496–6500.Wissniowski T.T., Hänsler J., Neureiter D., Frieser M., Schaber S., Esslinger B., Voll R., Strobel D., Hahn E.G., Schuppan D. Activation of tumor-specific T-lymphocytes by radiofrequency ablation of the VX2 hepatoma in rabbits. Cancer Res. 2003; 63 (19): 6496–6500.Zerbini A., Pilli M., Penna A., Pelosi G., Schianchi C., Molinari A., Schivazappa S., Zibera C., Fagnoni F.F., Ferrari C., Missale G. Radiofrequency thermal ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma liver nodules can activate and enhance tumor-specific T-cell responses. Cancer Res. 2006; 66 (2): 1139–1146.Zerbini A., Pilli M., Penna A., Pelosi G., Schianchi C., Molinari A., Schivazappa S., Zibera C., Fagnoni F.F., Ferrari C., Missale G. Radiofrequency thermal ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma liver nodules can activate and enhance tumor-specific T-cell responses. Cancer Res. 2006; 66 (2): 1139–1146.Shi L., Chen L., Wu C., Zhu Y., Xu B., Zheng X., Sun M., Wen W., Dai X., Yang M., Lv Q., Lu B., Jiang J. PD-1 blockade boosts radiofrequency ablation-elicited adaptive immune responses against tumor. Clin. Cancer Res. 2016; 22 (5): 1173–1184. DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-15-1352.Shi L., Chen L., Wu C., Zhu Y., Xu B., Zheng X., Sun M., Wen W., Dai X., Yang M., Lv Q., Lu B., Jiang J. PD-1 blockade boosts radiofrequency ablation-elicited adaptive immune responses against tumor. Clin. Cancer Res. 2016; 22 (5): 1173–1184. DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-15-1352.Gish R.G., Lencioni R., Di Bisceglie A.M., Raoul J.L., Mazzaferro V. Role of the multidisciplinary team in the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2012; 6 (2): 173–185. DOI: 10.1586/egh.11.105.Gish R.G., Lencioni R., Di Bisceglie A.M., Raoul J.L., Mazzaferro V. Role of the multidisciplinary team in the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2012; 6 (2): 173–185. DOI: 10.1586/egh.11.105.Jia-Yan Ni. Meta-analysis of radiofrequency ablation in combination with transarterial chemoembolization for hepato cellular carcinoma. World J. Gastroenterol. 2013; 19 (24): 3872–3882. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i24.3872.Jia-Yan Ni. Meta-analysis of radiofrequency ablation in combination with transarterial chemoembolization for hepato cellular carcinoma. World J. Gastroenterol. 2013; 19 (24): 3872–3882. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i24.3872.Peng Z.W., Zhang Y.J., Chen M.S., Xu L., Liang H.H., Lin X.J., Guo R.P., Zhang Y.Q., Lau W.Y. Radiofrequency ablation with or without transcatheter arterial chemoembolization in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: a prospective randomized trial. J. Clin. Oncol. 2013; 31 (4): 426–432. DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2012.42.9936.Peng Z.W., Zhang Y.J., Chen M.S., Xu L., Liang H.H., Lin X.J., Guo R.P., Zhang Y.Q., Lau W.Y. Radiofrequency ablation with or without transcatheter arterial chemoembolization in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: a prospective randomized trial. J. Clin. Oncol. 2013; 31 (4): 426–432. DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2012.42.9936.Ding H., Su M., Zhu C., Wang L., Zheng Q., Wan Y. CT-guided versus laparoscopic radiofrequency ablation in recurrent small hepatocellular carcinoma against the diaphragmatic dome. Sci. Rep. 2017; 7: 44583. DOI: 10.1038/srep44583.Ding H., Su M., Zhu C., Wang L., Zheng Q., Wan Y. CT-guided versus laparoscopic radiofrequency ablation in recurrent small hepatocellular carcinoma against the diaphragmatic dome. Sci. Rep. 2017; 7: 44583. DOI: 10.1038/srep44583.Eisele R.M., Neumann U., Neuhaus P., Schumacher G. Open surgical is superior to percutaneous access for radiofrequency ablation of hepatic metastases. World J. Surg. 2009; 33 (4): 804–811. DOI: 10.1007/s00268-008-9905-1.Eisele R.M., Neumann U., Neuhaus P., Schumacher G. Open surgical is superior to percutaneous access for radiofrequency ablation of hepatic metastases. World J. Surg. 2009; 33 (4): 804–811. DOI: 10.1007/s00268-008-9905-1.Duhwan Yun D., Kim S., Son I., Chun K. Comparative analysis of laparoscopic versus open surgical radiofrequency ablation for malignant liver tumors. Korean J. Hepatobiliary Pancreat. Surg. 2014; 18 (4): 122–128. DOI: 10.14701/kjhbps.2014.18.4.122.Duhwan Yun D., Kim S., Son I., Chun K. Comparative analysis of laparoscopic versus open surgical radiofrequency ablation for malignant liver tumors. Korean J. Hepatobiliary Pancreat. Surg. 2014; 18 (4): 122–128. DOI: 10.14701/kjhbps.2014.18.4.122.Rossi P., Manzelli A., Petrou A., Bramis K., Anselmo A., Iaria G., Toti L., Tommaso T.M., Berlanda M., Tisone G. RFA assisted liver resection combined with hanging manoeuvre: The alternative option for safe and bloodless major hepatectomy. Hellenic J. Surg. 2011; 83 (6): 347–351. DOI: 10.1007/s13126-011-0061-y.Rossi P., Manzelli A., Petrou A., Bramis K., Anselmo A., Iaria G., Toti L., Tommaso T.M., Berlanda M., Tisone G. RFA assisted liver resection combined with hanging manoeuvre: The alternative option for safe and bloodless major hepatectomy. Hellenic J. Surg. 2011; 83 (6): 347–351. DOI: 10.1007/s13126-011-0061-y.Reccia I., Sodergren M.H., Jayant K., Kurz E., Carneiro A., Spalding D., Pai M., Jiao L., Habib N. The journey of radiofrequency-assisted liver resection. Surg. Oncol. 2018; pii: S0960-7404(17)30391-2. DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2018.01.004.Reccia I., Sodergren M.H., Jayant K., Kurz E., Carneiro A., Spalding D., Pai M., Jiao L., Habib N. The journey of radiofrequency-assisted liver resection. Surg. Oncol. 2018; pii: S0960-7404(17)30391-2. DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2018.01.004.Fioole B., Jansen M.C., van Duijnhoven F.H., van Hillegersberg R., van Gulik T.M., Borel Rinkes I.H. Combining partial liver resection and local ablation of liver tumours: a preliminary Dutch experience. World J. Surg. Oncol. 2006; 4: 46.Fioole B., Jansen M.C., van Duijnhoven F.H., van Hillegersberg R., van Gulik T.M., Borel Rinkes I.H. Combining partial liver resection and local ablation of liver tumours: a preliminary Dutch experience. World J. Surg. Oncol. 2006; 4: 46.Xu L.L., Zhang M., Yi P.S., Zheng X.B., Feng L., Lan C., Tang J.W., Ren S.S., Xu M.Q. Hepatic resection combined with radiofrequency ablation versus hepatic resection alone for multifocal hepatocellular carcinomas: A meta-analysis. J. Huazhong Univ. Sci. Technolog. Med. Sci. 2017; 37 (6): 974–980. DOI: 10.1007/s11596-017-1836-3.Xu L.L., Zhang M., Yi P.S., Zheng X.B., Feng L., Lan C., Tang J.W., Ren S.S., Xu M.Q. Hepatic resection combined with radiofrequency ablation versus hepatic resection alone for multifocal hepatocellular carcinomas: A meta-analysis. J. Huazhong Univ. Sci. Technolog. Med. Sci. 2017; 37 (6): 974–980. DOI: 10.1007/s11596-017-1836-3.Hatanaka T., Kakizaki S., Yuhei S., Takeuchi S., Shimada Y., Takizawa D., Katakai K., Sato K., Yamada M. Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma located in the caudate lobe of the liver. Acta Gastroenterol. Belg. 2015; 78 (3): 267–273.Hatanaka T., Kakizaki S., Yuhei S., Takeuchi S., Shimada Y., Takizawa D., Katakai K., Sato K., Yamada M. Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma located in the caudate lobe of the liver. Acta Gastroenterol. Belg. 2015; 78 (3): 267–273.Косырев В.Ю., Долгушин Б.И., Мартынков Д.В., Шолохов В.Н. Сравнение эффективности чрескожной радиочастотной аблации опухолей печени в зависимости от метода навигации. Пленум правления Ассоциации хирургов-гапатологов стран СНГ: материалы. М., 2013. C. 26–27.Kosyrev V.Yu., Dolgushin B.I., Martynkov D.V., Sholohov V.N. Sravnenie ehffektivnosti chreskozhnoj radiochastotnoj ablacii opuholej pecheni v zavisimosti ot metoda navigacii. Plenum pravleniya Associacii hirurgov-gapatologov stran SNG: materialy [Effectiveness of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of liver tumors depending on navigation technique]. Moscow, 2013. P. 26–27. (In Russian)Bale R., Schullian P., Schmuth M., Widmann G., Jaschke W., Weinlich G. Stereotactic radiofrequency ablation for metastatic melanoma to the liver. Cardiovasc. Intervent. Radiol. 2016; 39 (8): 1128–1135. DOI: 10.1007/s00270-016-1336-z.Bale R., Schullian P., Schmuth M., Widmann G., Jaschke W., Weinlich G. Stereotactic radiofrequency ablation for metastatic melanoma to the liver. Cardiovasc. Intervent. Radiol. 2016; 39 (8): 1128–1135. DOI: 10.1007/s00270-016-1336-z.Bale R., Schullian P., Haidu M., Widmann G. Stereotactic Radiofrequency Ablation (SRFA) of intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinomas: a minimal invasive alternative to liver resection. Wien Med. Wochenschr. 2013; 163 (5–6): 128–131. DOI: 10.1007/s10354-013-0182-8.Bale R., Schullian P., Haidu M., Widmann G. Stereotactic Radiofrequency Ablation (SRFA) of intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinomas: a minimal invasive alternative to liver resection. Wien Med. Wochenschr. 2013; 163 (5–6): 128–131. DOI: 10.1007/s10354-013-0182-8.Bale R., Widmann G., Schullian P., Haidu M., Pall G., Klaus A., Weiss H., Biebl M., Margreiter R. Percutaneous stereotactic radiofrequency ablation of colorectal liver metastases. Eur. Radiol. 2012; 22 (4): 930–937. DOI: 10.1007/s00330-011-2314-0.Bale R., Widmann G., Schullian P., Haidu M., Pall G., Klaus A., Weiss H., Biebl M., Margreiter R. Percutaneous stereotactic radiofrequency ablation of colorectal liver metastases. Eur. Radiol. 2012; 22 (4): 930–937. DOI: 10.1007/s00330-011-2314-0.Cazzato R.L., Garnon J., Ramamurthy N., Tsoumakidou G., Imperiale A., Namer I.J., Bachellier P., Caudrelier J., Rao P., Koch G., Gangi A. 18F-FDOPAPET/CT-Guided radiofrequency ablation of liver metastases from neuroendocrine tumours: Technical noteona preliminary experience. Cardiovasc. Intervent. Radiol. 2016; 39 (9): 1315–1321. DOI: 10.1007/s00270-016-1334-1.Cazzato R.L., Garnon J., Ramamurthy N., Tsoumakidou G., Imperiale A., Namer I.J., Bachellier P., Caudrelier J., Rao P., Koch G., Gangi A. 18F-FDOPAPET/CT-Guided radiofrequency ablation of liver metastases from neuroendocrine tumours: Technical noteona preliminary experience. Cardiovasc. Intervent. Radiol. 2016; 39 (9): 1315–1321. DOI: 10.1007/s00270-016-1334-1.Zhao Z., Wu J., Liu X., Liang M., Zhou X., Ouyang S., Yao J., Wang J., Luo B. Insufficient radiofrequency ablation promotes proliferation of residual hepatocellular carcinoma via autophagy. Cancer Lett. 2018; 421: 73–81. DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.02.024.Zhao Z., Wu J., Liu X., Liang M., Zhou X., Ouyang S., Yao J., Wang J., Luo B. Insufficient radiofrequency ablation promotes proliferation of residual hepatocellular carcinoma via autophagy. Cancer Lett. 2018; 421: 73–81. DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.02.024.Vincenzi B., Di Maio M., Silletta M., D’Onofrio L., Spoto C., Piccirillo M.C., Daniele G., Comito F., Maci E., Bronte G., Russo A., Santini D., Perrone F., Tonini G. Prognostic relevance of objective response according to EASL criteria and mRECIST criteria in hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with locoregional therapies: a literature-based meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2015; 10 (7): e0133488. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.Vincenzi B., Di Maio M., Silletta M., D’Onofrio L., Spoto C., Piccirillo M.C., Daniele G., Comito F., Maci E., Bronte G., Russo A., Santini D., Perrone F., Tonini G. Prognostic relevance of objective response according to EASL criteria and mRECIST criteria in hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with locoregional therapies: a literature-based meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2015; 10 (7): e0133488. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.Samim M., Molenaar I.Q., Seesing M.F., van Rossum P.S., van den Bosch M.A., Ruers T.J., Borel Rinkes I.H., van Hillegersberg R., Lam M.G., Verkooijen H.M. The diagnostic performance of 18F-FDG PET/CT, CT and MRI in the treatment evaluation of ablation therapy for colorectal liver metastases: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Surg. Oncol. 2017; 26 (1): 37–45. DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2016.12.006.Samim M., Molenaar I.Q., Seesing M.F., van Rossum P.S., van den Bosch M.A., Ruers T.J., Borel Rinkes I.H., van Hillegersberg R., Lam M.G., Verkooijen H.M. The diagnostic performance of 18F-FDG PET/CT, CT and MRI in the treatment evaluation of ablation therapy for colorectal liver metastases: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Surg. Oncol. 2017; 26 (1): 37–45. DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2016.12.006.Huang Y.Z., Zhou S.C., Zhou H., Tong M. Radiofrequency ablation versus cryosurgery ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Hepatogastroenterology. 2013; 60 (125): 1131–1135. DOI: 10.5754/hge121142.Huang Y.Z., Zhou S.C., Zhou H., Tong M. Radiofrequency ablation versus cryosurgery ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Hepatogastroenterology. 2013; 60 (125): 1131–1135. DOI: 10.5754/hge121142.Yi P.S., Huang M., Zhang M., Xu L., Xu M.Q. Comparison of transarterial chemoembolization combined with radiofrequency ablation therapy versus surgical resection for early hepatocellular carcinoma. Am. Surg. 2018; 84 (2): 282–288.Yi P.S., Huang M., Zhang M., Xu L., Xu M.Q. Comparison of transarterial chemoembolization combined with radiofrequency ablation therapy versus surgical resection for early hepatocellular carcinoma. Am. Surg. 2018; 84 (2): 282–288.Guo W., He X., Li Z., Li Y. Combination of Transarterial Chemoembolization (TACE) and Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA) vs. Surgical Resection (SR) on survival outcome of early hepatocellular carcinoma: A meta-analysis. Hepatogastroenterology. 2015; 62 (139): 710–714.Guo W., He X., Li Z., Li Y. Combination of Transarterial Chemoembolization (TACE) and Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA) vs. Surgical Resection (SR) on survival outcome of early hepatocellular carcinoma: A meta-analysis. Hepatogastroenterology. 2015; 62 (139): 710–714.Yang W., Yan K., Goldberg S.N., Ahmed M., Lee J.C., Wu W., Zhang Z.Y., Wang S., Chen M.H. Ten-year survival of hepatocellular carcinoma patients undergoing radiofrequency ablation as a first-line treatment. World J. Gastroenterol. 2016; 22 (10): 2993–3005. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i10.2993.Yang W., Yan K., Goldberg S.N., Ahmed M., Lee J.C., Wu W., Zhang Z.Y., Wang S., Chen M.H. Ten-year survival of hepatocellular carcinoma patients undergoing radiofrequency ablation as a first-line treatment. World J. Gastroenterol. 2016; 22 (10): 2993–3005. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i10.2993.Zhou Y., Zhao Y., Li B., Xu D., Yin Z., Xie F., Yang J. Metaanalysis of radiofrequency ablation versus hepatic resection for small hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Gastroenterology. 2010; 10: 78. DOI: 10.1186/1471-230X-10-78.Zhou Y., Zhao Y., Li B., Xu D., Yin Z., Xie F., Yang J. Metaanalysis of radiofrequency ablation versus hepatic resection for small hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Gastroenterology. 2010; 10: 78. DOI: 10.1186/1471-230X-10-78.Feng Q., Chi Y., Liu Y., Zhang L., Liu Q. Efficacy and safety of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation versus surgical resection for small hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis of 23 studies. J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. 2015; 141 (1): 1–9. DOI: 10.1007/s00432-014-1708-1.Feng Q., Chi Y., Liu Y., Zhang L., Liu Q. Efficacy and safety of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation versus surgical resection for small hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis of 23 studies. J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. 2015; 141 (1): 1–9. DOI: 10.1007/s00432-014-1708-1.Wang Y., Luo Q., Li Y., Deng S., Wei S., Li X. Radiofrequency ablation versus hepatic resection for small hepatocellular carcinomas: a meta-analysis of randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials. PLoS One. 2014; 9 (1): e84484. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084484.Wang Y., Luo Q., Li Y., Deng S., Wei S., Li X. Radiofrequency ablation versus hepatic resection for small hepatocellular carcinomas: a meta-analysis of randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials. PLoS One. 2014; 9 (1): e84484. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084484.Qi X., Tang Y., An D., Bai M., Shi X., Wang J., Han G., Fan D. Radiofrequency ablation versus hepatic resection for small hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 2014; 48 (5): 450–457. DOI: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000000008.Qi X., Tang Y., An D., Bai M., Shi X., Wang J., Han G., Fan D. Radiofrequency ablation versus hepatic resection for small hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 2014; 48 (5): 450–457. DOI: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000000008.Lan T., Chang L., Rahmathullah M.N., Wu L., Yuan Y.F. Comparative efficacy of interventional therapies for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma: A PRISMA-compliant systematic review and network meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016; 95 (15): e3185. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000003185.Lan T., Chang L., Rahmathullah M.N., Wu L., Yuan Y.F. Comparative efficacy of interventional therapies for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma: A PRISMA-compliant systematic review and network meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016; 95 (15): e3185. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000003185.Yang B., Zan R.Y., Wang S.Y., Li X.L., Wei M.L., Guo W.H., You X., Li J., Liao Z.Y. Radiofrequency ablation versus percutaneous ethanol injection for hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. World J. Surg. Oncol. 2015; 13: 96. DOI: 10.1186/s12957-015-0516-7.Yang B., Zan R.Y., Wang S.Y., Li X.L., Wei M.L., Guo W.H., You X., Li J., Liao Z.Y. Radiofrequency ablation versus percutaneous ethanol injection for hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. World J. Surg. Oncol. 2015; 13: 96. DOI: 10.1186/s12957-015-0516-7.Chen S., Peng Z., Xiao H., Lin M., Chen Z., Jiang C., Hu W., Xie X., Liu L., Peng B., Kuang M. Combined radiofrequency ablation and ethanol injection versus repeat hepatectomy for elderly patients with recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma after initial hepatic surgery. Int. J. Hyperthermia. 2017: 1–9. DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2017.1387941.Chen S., Peng Z., Xiao H., Lin M., Chen Z., Jiang C., Hu W., Xie X., Liu L., Peng B., Kuang M. Combined radiofrequency ablation and ethanol injection versus repeat hepatectomy for elderly patients with recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma after initial hepatic surgery. Int. J. Hyperthermia. 2017: 1–9. DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2017.1387941.Porrett P.M., Peterman H., Rosen M., Sonnad S., Soulen M., Markmann J.F., Shaked A., Furth E., Reddy K.R., Olthoff K. Lack of benefit of pretransplant locoregional hepatic therapy for hepatocellular cancer in the current MELD Era. Liver Transplantation. 2006; 12 (4): 66Porrett P.M., Peterman H., Rosen M., Sonnad S., Soulen M., Markmann J.F., Shaked A., Furth E., Reddy K.R., Olthoff K. Lack of benefit of pretransplant locoregional hepatic therapy for hepatocellular cancer in the current MELD Era. Liver Transplantation. 2006; 12 (4): 665–673.NCCN (National Comprehensive Cancer Network Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology). https://www.nccn.org/ professionals/physician_gls/default.aspx.NCCN (National Comprehensive Cancer Network Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology). https://www.nccn.org/ professionals/physician_gls/default.aspx.Llovet J.M., Ducreux M., Lencioni R., Di Bisceglie A.M., Galle P.R., Dufour J.F., Greten T.F., Raymond E., Roskams T., De Baere T., Ducreux M., Mazzaferro V., Bernardi M. EASL– EORTC Clinical Practice Guidelines: Management of hepatocellular carcinoma. J. Hepatology. 2012; 56: 908–943. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2011.12.001.Llovet J.M., Ducreux M., Lencioni R., Di Bisceglie A.M., Galle P.R., Dufour J.F., Greten T.F., Raymond E., Roskams T., De Baere T., Ducreux M., Mazzaferro V., Bernardi M. EASL– EORTC Clinical Practice Guidelines: Management of hepatocellular carcinoma. J. Hepatology. 2012; 56: 908–943. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2011.12.001.Heimbach J.K., Kulik L.M., Finn R.S., Sirlin C.B., Abecassis M.M., Roberts L.R., Zhu A.X., Murad M.H., Marrero J.A. AASLD Guidelines for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology. 2018; 67 (1): 358–380. DOI: 10.1002/hep.29086.Heimbach J.K., Kulik L.M., Finn R.S., Sirlin C.B., Abecassis M.M., Roberts L.R., Zhu A.X., Murad M.H., Marrero J.A. AASLD Guidelines for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology. 2018; 67 (1): 358–380. DOI: 10.1002/hep.29086.Chen S., Peng Z., Xiao H., Lin M., Chen Z., Jiang C., Hu W., Xie X., Liu L., Peng B., Kuang M. Combined radiofrequency ablation and ethanol injection versus repeat hepatectomy for elderly patients with recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma after initial hepatic surgery. Int. J. Hyperthermia. 2017: 1–34.Chen S., Peng Z., Xiao H., Lin M., Chen Z., Jiang C., Hu W., Xie X., Liu L., Peng B., Kuang M. Combined radiofrequency ablation and ethanol injection versus repeat hepatectomy for elderly patients with recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma after initial hepatic surgery. Int. J. Hyperthermia. 2017: 1–34.Li W., Bai Y., Wu M., Shen L., Shi F., Sun X., Lin C., Chang B., Pan C., Li Z., Wu P. Combined CT-guided radiofrequency ablation with systemic chemotherapy improves the survival for nasopharyngeal carcinoma with oligometastasis in liver: Propensity score matching analysis. Oncotarget. 2017; 8 (32): 52132–52141. DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10383.Li W., Bai Y., Wu M., Shen L., Shi F., Sun X., Lin C., Chang B., Pan C., Li Z., Wu P. Combined CT-guided radiofrequency ablation with systemic chemotherapy improves the survival for nasopharyngeal carcinoma with oligometastasis in liver: Propensity score matching analysis. Oncotarget. 2017; 8 (32): 52132–52141. DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10383.Yasumoto T., Uemoto K., Yamada K., Koh H., Yamazaki M., Masai N., Tatsumi D., Oh R. Radiofrequency ablation under computed tomography during arterial portography for hypovascular liver metastases from advanced pancreatic cancer. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 2018; 45 (2): 371–373.Yasumoto T., Uemoto K., Yamada K., Koh H., Yamazaki M., Masai N., Tatsumi D., Oh R. Radiofrequency ablation under computed tomography during arterial portography for hypovascular liver metastases from advanced pancreatic cancer. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 2018; 45 (2): 371–373.Azevedo A., Falsarella P., Rocha R., Rahal A., Garcia R. Percutaneous cholecystostomy and hydrodissection in radiofrequency ablation of liver subcapsular leiomyosarcoma metastasis adjacent to the gallbladder: Protective effect. J. Radiol. Case Rep. 2016; 10 (10): 24–32. DOI: 10.3941/jrcr.v10i10.2677.Azevedo A., Falsarella P., Rocha R., Rahal A., Garcia R. Percutaneous cholecystostomy and hydrodissection in radiofrequency ablation of liver subcapsular leiomyosarcoma metastasis adjacent to the gallbladder: Protective effect. J. Radiol. Case Rep. 2016; 10 (10): 24–32. DOI: 10.3941/jrcr.v10i10.2677.Liu B., Huang G., Jiang C., Xu M., Zhuang B., Lin M., Tian W., Xie X., Kuang M., Xie X. Ultrasound-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of liver metastasis from ovarian cancer: A single-center initial experience. Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer. 2017; 27 (6): 1261–1267. DOI: 10.1097/IGC.0000000000000939.Liu B., Huang G., Jiang C., Xu M., Zhuang B., Lin M., Tian W., Xie X., Kuang M., Xie X. Ultrasound-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of liver metastasis from ovarian cancer: A single-center initial experience. Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer. 2017; 27 (6): 1261–1267. DOI: 10.1097/IGC.0000000000000939.Lee J.W., Choi M.H., Lee Y.J., Ali B., Yoo H.M., Song K.Y., Park C.H. Radiofrequency ablation for liver metastases in patients with gastric cancer as an alternative to hepatic resection. BMC Cancer. 2017; 17 (1): 185. DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3156-1.Lee J.W., Choi M.H., Lee Y.J., Ali B., Yoo H.M., Song K.Y., Park C.H. Radiofrequency ablation for liver metastases in patients with gastric cancer as an alternative to hepatic resection. BMC Cancer. 2017; 17 (1): 185. DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3156-1.Abbas H., Erridge S., Sodergren M.H., Papoulas M., Nawaz A., Menon K., Heaton N.D., Prachalias A.A., Srinivasan P. Breast cancer liver metastases in a UK tertiary centre: Outcomes following referral to tumour board meeting. Int. J. Surg. 2017; 44: 152–159. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2017.06.049.Abbas H., Erridge S., Sodergren M.H., Papoulas M., Nawaz A., Menon K., Heaton N.D., Prachalias A.A., Srinivasan P. Breast cancer liver metastases in a UK tertiary centre: Outcomes following referral to tumour board meeting. Int. J. Surg. 2017; 44: 152–159. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2017.06.049.Du S., Ni J., Weng L., Ma F., Li S., Wang W., Sang X., Lu X., Zhong S., Mao Y. Locoregional treatment improves the outcomeof liver metastases from grade 3 gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Medicine (Baltimore). 2015; 94 (34): e1429. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000001429.Du S., Ni J., Weng L., Ma F., Li S., Wang W., Sang X., Lu X., Zhong S., Mao Y. Locoregional treatment improves the outcomeof liver metastases from grade 3 gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Medicine (Baltimore). 2015; 94 (34): e1429. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000001429.Mulier S., Ni Y., Jamart J., Ruers T., Marchal G., Michel L. Local recurrence after hepatic radiofrequency coagulation: multivariate meta-analysis and review of contributing factors. Ann. Surg. 2005; 242 (2): 158–171.Mulier S., Ni Y., Jamart J., Ruers T., Marchal G., Michel L. Local recurrence after hepatic radiofrequency coagulation: multivariate meta-analysis and review of contributing factors. Ann. Surg. 2005; 242 (2): 158–171.Elias D., Goéré D., Leroux G., Dromain C., Leboulleux S., de Baere T., Ducreux M., Baudin E. Combined liver surgery and RFA for patients with gastroenteropancreatic endocrine tumors presenting with more than 15 metastases to the liver. Eur. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009; 35 (10): 1092–1097. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2009.02.017.Elias D., Goéré D., Leroux G., Dromain C., Leboulleux S., de Baere T., Ducreux M., Baudin E. Combined liver surgery and RFA for patients with gastroenteropancreatic endocrine tumors presenting with more than 15 metastases to the liver. Eur. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009; 35 (10): 1092–1097. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2009.02.017.Akyildiz H.Y., Mitchell J., Milas M., Siperstein A., Berber E. Laparoscopic radiofrequency thermal ablation of neuroendocrine hepatic metastases: Long-term follow-up. Surgery. 2010; 148 (6): 1288–1293. DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2010.09.014.Akyildiz H.Y., Mitchell J., Milas M., Siperstein A., Berber E. Laparoscopic radiofrequency thermal ablation of neuroendocrine hepatic metastases: Long-term follow-up. Surgery. 2010; 148 (6): 1288–1293. DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2010.09.014.Mazzaglia P.J., Berber E., Milas M., Siperstein A.E. Laparoscopic radiofrequency ablation of neuroendocrine liver metastases: a 10-year experience evaluating predictors of survival. Surgery. 2007; 142 (1): 10–19.Mazzaglia P.J., Berber E., Milas M., Siperstein A.E. Laparoscopic radiofrequency ablation of neuroendocrine liver metastases: a 10-year experience evaluating predictors of survival. Surgery. 2007; 142 (1): 10–19.Ruers T., Punt C., Van Coevorden F., Pierie J.P., BorelRinkes I., Ledermann J.A., Poston G., Bechstein W., Lentz M.A., Mauer M., Van Cutsem E., Lutz M.P., Nordlinger B. Radio frequency ablation combined with systemic treatment versus systemic treatment alone in patients with nonresectable colorectal liver metastases: a randomized EORTC Intergroup phase II study (EORTC 40004). Ann. Oncol. 2012; 23 (10): 2619–2626. DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mds053.Ruers T., Punt C., Van Coevorden F., Pierie J.P., BorelRinkes I., Ledermann J.A., Poston G., Bechstein W., Lentz M.A., Mauer M., Van Cutsem E., Lutz M.P., Nordlinger B. Radio frequency ablation combined with systemic treatment versus systemic treatment alone in patients with nonresectable colorectal liver metastases: a randomized EORTC Intergroup phase II study (EORTC 40004). Ann. Oncol. 2012; 23 (10): 2619–2626. DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mds053.Hur H., Ko Y.T., Min B.S., Kim K.S., Choi J.S., Sohn S.K., Cho C.H., Ko H.K., Lee J.T., Kim N.K. Comparative study of resection and radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of solitary colorectal liver metastases. Am. J. Surg. 2009; 197 (6): 728–736. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2008.04.013.Hur H., Ko Y.T., Min B.S., Kim K.S., Choi J.S., Sohn S.K., Cho C.H., Ko H.K., Lee J.T., Kim N.K. Comparative study of resection and radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of solitary colorectal liver metastases. Am. J. Surg. 2009; 197 (6): 728–736. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2008.04.013.Guo Y.L., Tong Z.H., Xu X., Zhao Y., Liu J.W., Wang H.G., Dong G.L. Colorectal resection combined with simultaneous radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of synchronous colorectal liver metastases: a retrospective analysis. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2017; 97 (12): 925–928. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2017.12.010.Guo Y.L., Tong Z.H., Xu X., Zhao Y., Liu J.W., Wang H.G., Dong G.L. Colorectal resection combined with simultaneous radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of synchronous colorectal liver metastases: a retrospective analysis. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2017; 97 (12): 925–928. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2017.12.010.Lee B.C., Lee H.G., Park I.J., Kim S.Y., Kim K.H., Lee J.H., Kim C.W., Lee J.L., Yoon Y.S., Lim S.B., Yu C.S., Kim J.C. The role of radiofrequency ablation for treatment of metachronous isolated hepatic metastasis from colorectal cancer. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016; 95 (39): e4999. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000004999.Lee B.C., Lee H.G., Park I.J., Kim S.Y., Kim K.H., Lee J.H., Kim C.W., Lee J.L., Yoon Y.S., Lim S.B., Yu C.S., Kim J.C. The role of radiofrequency ablation for treatment of metachronous isolated hepatic metastasis from colorectal cancer. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016; 95 (39): e4999. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000004999.Meijerink M.R. COLLISION Trial – Colorectal Liver Metastases: Surgeryvs Thermal Ablation. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03088150. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03088150.Meijerink M.R. COLLISION Trial – Colorectal Liver Metastases: Surgeryvs Thermal Ablation. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03088150. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03088150.Jianmin X. Study comparing radiofrequency ablation plus chemotherapy and chemotherapy alone in patients with unresectable CRLM. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03127072. https:// clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03127072.Jianmin X. Study comparing radiofrequency ablation plus chemotherapy and chemotherapy alone in patients with unresectable CRLM. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03127072. https:// clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03127072.Kim W.W., Kim K.H., Kim S.H., Kim J.S., Park S.J., Kim K.H., Choi C.S., Choi Y.K. Comparison of hepatic resection and radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of colorectal liver metastasis. Indian J. Surg. 2015; 77 (Suppl 3): 1126–1130. DOI: 10.1007/s12262-015-1211-1.Kim W.W., Kim K.H., Kim S.H., Kim J.S., Park S.J., Kim K.H., Choi C.S., Choi Y.K. Comparison of hepatic resection and radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of colorectal liver metastasis. Indian J. Surg. 2015; 77 (Suppl 3): 1126–1130. DOI: 10.1007/s12262-015-1211-1.Imai K., Allard M.A., Benitez C., Vibert E., Sa Cunha A., Cherqui D., Castaing D., Baba H., Adam R. Long-term outcomes of radiofrequency ablation combined with hepatectomy compared with hepatectomy alone for colorectal liver metastases. Br. J. Surg. 2017; 104 (5): 570–579. DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10447.Imai K., Allard M.A., Benitez C., Vibert E., Sa Cunha A., Cherqui D., Castaing D., Baba H., Adam R. Long-term outcomes of radiofrequency ablation combined with hepatectomy compared with hepatectomy alone for colorectal liver metastases. Br. J. Surg. 2017; 104 (5): 570–579. DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10447.Ni J.Y., Liu S.S., Xu L.F., Sun H.L., Chen Y.T. Meta-analysis of radiofrequency ablation in combination with transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma. World J. Gastroenterol. 2013; 19 (24): 3872–3882. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i24.3872.Ni J.Y., Liu S.S., Xu L.F., Sun H.L., Chen Y.T. Meta-analysis of radiofrequency ablation in combination with transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma. World J. Gastroenterol. 2013; 19 (24): 3872–3882. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i24.3872.Liu H., Wang Z.G., Fu S.Y., Li A.J., Pan Z.Y., Zhou W.P., Lau W.Y., Wu M.C. Randomized clinical trial of chemoembolization plus radiofrequency ablation versus partial hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma within the Milan criteria. Br. J. Surg. 2016; 103 (4): 348–356. DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10061.Liu H., Wang Z.G., Fu S.Y., Li A.J., Pan Z.Y., Zhou W.P., Lau W.Y., Wu M.C. Randomized clinical trial of chemoembolization plus radiofrequency ablation versus partial hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma within the Milan criteria. Br. J. Surg. 2016; 103 (4): 348–356. DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10061.Yi P.S., Huang M., Zhang M., Xu L., Xu M.Q. Comparison of transarterial chemoembolization combined with radiofrequency ablation therapy versus surgical resection for early hepatocellular carcinoma. Am. Surg. 2018; 84 (2): 282–288.Yi P.S., Huang M., Zhang M., Xu L., Xu M.Q. Comparison of transarterial chemoembolization combined with radiofrequency ablation therapy versus surgical resection for early hepatocellular carcinoma. Am. Surg. 2018; 84 (2): 282–288.Guo W., He X., Li Z., Li Y. Combination of Transarterial Chemoembolization (TACE) and Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA) vs. Surgical Resection (SR) on survival outcome of early hepatocellular carcinoma: A meta-analysis. Hepatogastroenterology. 2015; 62 (139): 710–714.Guo W., He X., Li Z., Li Y. Combination of Transarterial Chemoembolization (TACE) and Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA) vs. Surgical Resection (SR) on survival outcome of early hepatocellular carcinoma: A meta-analysis. Hepatogastroenterology. 2015; 62 (139): 710–714.Pompili M., Saviano A., de Matthaeis N., Cucchetti A., Ardito F., Federico B., Brunello F., Pinna A.D., Giorgio A., Giulini S.M., De Sio I., Torzilli G., Fornari F., Capussotti L., Guglielmi A., Piscaglia F., Aldrighetti L., Caturelli E., Calise F., Nuzzo G., Rapaccini G.L., Giuliante F. Long-term effectiveness of resection and radiofrequency ablation for single hepatocellular carcinoma 3 cm. Results of a multicenter Italian survey. J. Hepatol. 2013; 59 (1): 89–97. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.03.009.Pompili M., Saviano A., de Matthaeis N., Cucchetti A., Ardito F., Federico B., Brunello F., Pinna A.D., Giorgio A., Giulini S.M., De Sio I., Torzilli G., Fornari F., Capussotti L., Guglielmi A., Piscaglia F., Aldrighetti L., Caturelli E., Calise F., Nuzzo G., Rapaccini G.L., Giuliante F. Long-term effectiveness of resection and radiofrequency ablation for single hepatocellular carcinoma 3 cm. Results of a multicenter Italian survey. J. Hepatol. 2013; 59 (1): 89–97. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.03.009.Wu L.V., Chen C.Y., Liu C.J., Chen M.Y., Liu P.C., Liu P.F., Seror O., Lee I.L., Lin S.M. Multipolar radiofrequency ablation with non-touch technique for hepatocellular carcinoma ≤3 cm: A preliminary report. Adv. Dig. Med. 2014; 1 (3): 80–85.Wu L.V., Chen C.Y., Liu C.J., Chen M.Y., Liu P.C., Liu P.F., Seror O., Lee I.L., Lin S.M. Multipolar radiofrequency ablation with non-touch technique for hepatocellular carcinoma ≤3 cm: A preliminary report. Adv. Dig. Med. 2014; 1 (3): 80–85.Hocquelet A., Aubé C., Rode A., Cartier V., Sutter O., Manichon A.F., Boursier J., N'kontchou G., Merle P., Blanc J.F., Trillaud H., Seror O. Comparison of no-touch multi-bipolar vs. monopolar radiofrequency ablation for small HCC. J. Hepatol. 2017; 66 (1): 67–74. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.07.010.Hocquelet A., Aubé C., Rode A., Cartier V., Sutter O., Manichon A.F., Boursier J., N'kontchou G., Merle P., Blanc J.F., Trillaud H., Seror O. Comparison of no-touch multi-bipolar vs. monopolar radiofrequency ablation for small HCC. J. Hepatol. 2017; 66 (1): 67–74. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.07.010.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.